Code C0591: Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit Malfunction

The wheel speed sensor reads how fast each wheel is turning and sends that info to the computer. If it doesn't send the right signal, the ABS might not work properly, making braking dangerous.

The ABS control unit monitors the wheel speed sensors. If it detects a consistent voltage of less than 0.5 volts or more than 5.0 volts, or if the sensor signals are inconsistent or absent during operation, it sets C0591.

Don't just throw parts at it. Walk through these in order — each step tells you whether to keep going or stop and fix what you found.

1. 1Inspect the wheel speed sensor and wiring for physical damage and corrosion. Decision: If damaged, repair or replace as needed. If okay, move to the next step.
2. 2Check the voltage at the wheel speed sensor connector with the ignition in the ON position. You should see a voltage between 0.5 to 5.0 volts. Decision: If voltage is outside this range, inspect wiring. If in range, go to the next step.
3. 3Monitor the wheel speed signal with a scan tool while driving. If the readings are inconsistent or missing while the vehicle is moving, suspect a faulty ABS module. Decision: If signals are missing, replace or repair the ABS module. If signals are present, the issue might be intermittent.

• Damaged wheel speed sensor
• Corroded or damaged wiring
• Faulty connector at the sensor
• ABS module failure
• Ice or dirt obstructing the sensor

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